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Censorship in the Internet
Rajecký, Michal ; Rychlý, Marek (referee) ; Očenášek, Pavel (advisor)
Internet censorship is a phenomenon of the time, which significantly restricts freedom of speech. The aim of this work was to find out the current state of Internet censorship in China. As part of the analysis, I designed and implemented a tool for testing website availability and detecting censorship of potentially blocked keywords. This tool verified different levels of access to a target server. The analysis showed that the city of Beijing forms a significant part of China's system in the implementation of censorship, as it loses a large part of Internet communication, up to 97% of all lost data. Testing also revealed the variability of censorship over time. On average, 57.6% of websites received different results during the testing period. This article provides an up-to-date picture of the state of Chinese Internet censorship and its impact on users. Censorship in China can be considered centralized, very extensive and variable over time.
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Russia's "Foreign Agent" Law: the Implications for Non-state Media and Journalists
Repenko, Veronika ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
Tato práce zkoumá aplikaci legislativy Ruska o "cizích agentech" na nevládní mediální organizace a novináře během poslední dekády. Zákon byl přijat a několikrát rozšířen v průběhu trvalého zpřísnění politiky Kremlu vůči zahraničním zemím a vnitřní opozici. Cíle této práce jsou (1) zjistit, jak označení "cizí agent" ovlivňuje profesionální autonomii novinářů a mediálních společností, a (2) jak tyto subjekty transformují své pracovní postupy, aby mohly nadále pracovat pod tlakem tohoto označení. K provedení výzkumu byla zvolena metoda polostrukturovaného hloubkového rozhovoru. S integrací důkazů z přehledu literatury, mediálních zdrojů a odpovědí respondentů tato studie ukazuje, že legislativa o "cizích agentech" je Kremlu využívána jako sofistikovaný nástroj kontroly nad těmi, kteří jsou považováni za "nežádoucí" nebo nebezpeční. Mediální společnosti a novináři označení jako "cizí agenti" čelí finančním obtížím, problémům při získávání informací od zpravodajských zdrojů a dalším obtížím. Musí splňovat vyčerpávající požadavky zákona, fungovat pod hrozbou pokut a trestních obvinění, emigrovat nebo jednoduše zavřít. Celkově respondenti popisují legislativu o "cizích agencích" jako diskriminační. Nicméně práce ukazuje, že se zdají dělat maximum pro to, aby mohli nadále pracovat nezávisle i v této...
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Media coverage of Jaroslav Seifert' s life and work in The Seventies and The Eighties of 20th Century
Mazanec, Pavel ; Čeňková, Jana (advisor) ; Maňák, Vratislav (referee)
The diploma thesis is devoted to the Czechoslovak writer and laureate of the 1984 Nobel Prize for Literature, Jaroslav Seifert. The introductory chapters first present a brief history and ownership background of selected periodicals, which are subsequently used as sources of journalistic texts. Other parts also describe the historical and political context of the defined period of the 1970s and 1980s in the normalized Czechoslovakia. Subsequently, this thesis approaches the life of Jaroslav Seifert with a special emphasis on his later phase after 1968. It is in these chapters that the texts of previously introduced periodicals such as Rudé právo, Tvorba, Vokno, Západ, The New York Times and Le Monde are used extensively. Through commemorative and academic texts or the analysis of journalistic texts, not only the famous Nobel laureate is presented, but also the various ideological and political pressures that the mentioned period brought with it.
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The National Theatre during the "Normalization Era"
Volfová, Viktorie ; Kudlová, Klára (advisor) ; Šmíd, Marek (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to present the functioning of the National Theatre in Prague under the ideological supervision of the ruling Communist Party in the years 1968-1989. The included chapters aim to provide a comprehensive picture of cultural policy during the so-called normalization period. In these conditions, the National Theatre also carried out its activities. The first part deals with the socio-historical context and selected events that influenced further political developments in the country. The entry of Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia led to a change in the existing conditions, consolidating power and censorship. Therefore, the second part describes the Czechoslovak cultural state apparatus, individual institutions, and their activities during the defined period. It explores how the state regulated culture and the censorship regulations that were enforced. The third part generally presents the impact of the political changes after 1968 on the theater scene. The fourth pivotal part of the work focuses directly on the National Theatre, not only on its dramatic and staging directions but also on its selected personalities. This part is directly followed by a case study containing an interview with actress Taťjana Medvecká, who has been active in the National Theatre since 1975....
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Inside the Dictator's Panopticon: Unveiling Digital Authoritarianism in Belarus
Yaromich, Kathrin ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Title: Inside the Dictator's Panopticon: Unveiling Digital Authoritarianism in Belarus Název práce: Uvnitř diktátorova panoptika: Odhalování digitálního autoritarismu v Bělorusku. Abstract: The following research presents the first-ever empirical case study of digital authoritarianism in Belarus. While Belarusian propaganda has created an atmosphere of omnipresent surveillance with citizens always feeling watched, there is pervasive secrecy surrounding existing surveillance practices and their functioning. The following research aims to unravel the techniques of digital repression employed by the Belarusian government, as well as to evaluate them in line with the conceptual framework of the usage of digital technologies to the strategic ends of authoritarian regimes and the transformational political effects of such new technologies. In addition to establishing distinct features of Belarusian digital authoritarianism, the research also determines the extent to which Belarusian authoritarianism is digital as well as the role of private actors. Given the lack of academic literature relating to the specific case study, interviews with experts in the field were carried out and consequently utilized in the qualitative analysis along with secondary data. The findings suggest Lukashenka's government effectively...
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Decentralized Application for Question/Answer Session Based on Blockchain
Čuhanič, Jakub ; Očenášek, Pavel (referee) ; Homoliak, Ivan (advisor)
This work focuses on creating a decentralized mobile application that offers a Q&A section. The problem of transparency process of the Q&A section, question censorship and spamming is solved by using blockchain technology and linking it to an identity management system. The resulting decentralized applications are the solution to all these problems. Their use can be anywhere where Q&A space is needed, especially in public media or on the Internet. Thanks to all the features of the applications resulting from the blockchain, a state should be achieved in which session moderators will not be able to manipulate or censor users and their questions.
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State-controlled culture: the Czechoslovak theatres in the era of normalisation
Volfová, Viktorie ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šmíd, Marek (referee)
Stated-controlled culture Czechoslovak theaters at the time of normalization Abstract This thesis gives a comprehensive picture of cultural policy during the so-called normalisation period. The aim is to present the functioning of Czechoslovak theaters under the ideological supervision of the ruling party. The first part deals with the socio-historical context and selected events that further developments. The entry of Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia forced a change in the countrys circumstances, and power and censorship were consolidated. The second part focuses directly on the description of the cultural state apparatus, the individual institutions and their activities in the given period. It deals with how the state regulated culture and what censorship regulations came into force. It directly presents, through selected theaters, the impact of change in political situation after 1968 not only on the artistic and staging direction. Keywords censorship, communism, cultural policy, drama, normalisation, theatre
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Literární noviny, Literární listy and Listy (1966-1969): The story of the demise of the Union of Czechoslovak Writers' weekly
Čáp, Johan ; Čeňková, Jana (advisor) ; Končelík, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to describe the functioning of a weekly Literarni noviny, one of the most influential periodicals in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. Between 1966 and 1969, the publication of this cultural magazine was stopped twice and Literarni noviny was renamed twice - first to Literární listy and later to Listy. In the theoretical part, the thesis deals with the phenomenon of cultural magazines in the 1960s, the functioning of censorship in Czechoslovakia, and important topics with which the periodical influenced contemporary discourse. In the practical part, using qualitative methods - historical-comparative analysis and text analysis - summarizes the content and graphic changes of the periodical in individual stages, and puts everything in context with other cultural periodicals of the time. Part of the bachelor's thesis is also an oral history interview with Vladimír Karfík, then editor-in-chief of the cultural section of Literarni noviny. The conclusion of the thesis shows the periodical changed structurally relatively little between 1966 and 1969 and the changes in content corresponded to the progress of media liberalization - the tightening or loosening of censorship. The unique interview with Vladimír Karfík complements some details that do not appear in the literature and is a...
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